生活垃圾处理处置过程碳排放特征与碳达峰管理策略——基于成都市垃圾和填埋气产生实测数据的比较

参与城市垃圾分类，提高回收利用率，减少垃圾填埋带来的碳排放。 #生活技巧# #节省生活成本# #低碳生活# #低碳城市生活#

摘要： 在碳达峰碳中和的国家发展战略背景下，城市生活垃圾管理部门需以垃圾管理中的碳减排模式为切入口，积极响应。因此以成都市为例，根据实测和我国文献参数计算得到2021年成都市生活垃圾处理过程共产生碳排放2 780.40 Gg；填埋净碳排放率为794.00 kg/t，焚烧净碳排放率为0.934 kg/t。此外，通过计算填埋场（不含渗滤液处理）和焚烧（不含渗滤液、飞灰、炉渣处理）的碳排放，发现IPCC的理论核算值比实测和文献参数测算值分别高34%和53%。厌氧消化比好氧堆肥更适合餐厨垃圾处理。现状处理场景下，成都市2021年净碳排放为784.95 Gg，2030年和2060年净碳排放分别为457.31、246.26 Gg；采用“零填埋+餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥+其余垃圾焚烧发电”方案（场景一）在基准年（2021年）净碳排放率为113.02 kg/t，2030年和2060年净碳排放率分别为57.83、27.01 kg/t；采用“零填埋+餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵+其余垃圾焚烧发电”方案（场景二）在基准年（2021年）净碳排放率为111.10 kg/t，2030年和2060年净碳排放率分别为49.31、14.73 kg/t；采用“零填埋+餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理+其余垃圾焚烧发电+可回收物资源回利”方案（场景三）在基准年（2021年）净碳排放率为-156.10 kg/t，2030年和2060年净碳排放率分别为-256.73、-229.08 kg/t。通过源头减量、分类收集及处理、可回收物资源循环利用、餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理、其余垃圾焚烧发电、生活垃圾零填埋、填埋气体收集利用等措施，能有效减少生活垃圾处理过程的碳排放，助力碳中和的实现。

关键词: 生活垃圾, 处理处置, 碳排放, 碳中和, 管理策略

Abstract: In the context of the national development strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, municipal solid waste management departments need to adopt carbon emission reduction models in waste management as an entry point and act proactively. Therefore, taking Chengdu as an example, this paper calculated a total of 2 780.40 Gg of carbon emissions would be generated in the domestic waste treatment process in Chengdu in 2021 according to the measured and domestic literature parameters. The net carbon emission rate for landfilling was 794.00 kg/t, while for incineration, it was 0.934 kg/t. By calculating the carbon emissions from landfills (excluding leachate treatment) and incineration (excluding leachate,fly ash,and slag treatment), it was found that the IPCC’s theoretical calculations were 34% and 53% higher than the measured values and the literature parameters, respectively. For food waste treatment, anaerobic digestion is more suitable than aerobic composting. Under the current scenario, Chengdu’s net carbon emissions in 2021 was 784.95 Gg/a, and the net carbon emissions in 2030 and 2060 would be 457.31 Gg/a and 246.26 Gg/a, respectively. The net carbon emission rate of “zero landfill+food waste aerobic composting+rest waste incineration power generation” scheme （Scenario 1） was 113.02 kg/t in the base year (2021), and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be 57.83 kg/t and 27.01 kg/t, respectively. Using the “zero landfill+anaerobic fermentation of food waste+remaining waste incineration power generation”scheme (Scenario 2),the net carbon emission rate in the base year (2021) was 111.10 kg/t, and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be 49.31 kg/t and 14.73 kg/t, respectively. The net carbon emission rate of the “zero landfill+anaerobic digestion of food waste+remaining waste incineration power generation+recyclable resource rebate” scheme (Scenario 3) was -156.10 kg/t in the base year (2021), and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be -256.73 kg/t and -229.08 kg/t, respectively. Carbon emissions in the process of municipal solid waste treatment can be effectively reduced and carbon neutrality achieved through source reduction, classification collection and treatment, recycling of recyclable waste, anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, incineration power generation of municipal solid waste, zero landfilling, and landfill gas collection and utilization.

Key words: municipal solid waste, treatment and disposal, carbon emissions, carbon neutral, management strategy

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