太平洋大塔穆火山研究进展及对巨型洋底火山成因的启示

发布时间：2025-09-05 20:09

美国夏威夷体验火山与海洋的和谐 #生活乐趣# #旅行建议# #海滨度假胜地#

太平洋大塔穆火山研究进展及对巨型洋底火山成因的启示

1. 中国科学院机构边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州 510301

2. 中国科学院大学机构 ,北京 100049

3. 美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所地质与地球物理系,伍兹霍尔 02543,美国

详细信息

作者简介:

罗怡鸣,女,1993年生,中国科学院南海海洋研究所博士研究生,主要从事海洋地质与地球物理研究.(E-mail:ymluo@scsio.ac.cn)

通讯作者:林间

中图分类号:P541,P738

Recent research advances on the Tamu Massif in the Pacific Ocean and implications for the formation of large oceanic volcanoes

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA

More Information

Corresponding author:Jian LIN

摘要

摘要:坐落在西北太平洋的沙茨基海隆为地球上第三大洋底高原,而其中的大塔穆火山被称为“地球上最大的单体火山”.本文综述了国际科学团队近期对大塔穆火山进行的多次海洋地质与地球物理调查,阐述“地幔柱”与“洋中脊”两种端元成因假说各自的重要证据以及争论的焦点问题.沙茨基海隆自南西向北东年龄逐渐变年轻、火山规模变小,是支持“地幔柱”假说的直接证据.大塔穆火山上巨厚块状熔岩、低坡度盾状单体火山构造代表地幔柱头岩浆大规模快速喷发,而奥里火山和希尔绍夫火山枕状熔岩则反映从地幔柱头过渡到地幔柱尾的过程中岩浆作用减弱.另一方面,大塔穆火山水下喷发,岩石样品显示洋中脊玄武岩的特征,以及地壳厚度与平均速度负相关性(反映化学异常来源),这些证据与“地幔柱”假说的预测不符,因而更支持“洋中脊”假说.然而“洋中脊”假说不能解释大塔穆火山单个来源如何输出如此大量的岩浆.再一方面,由人工地震长剖面观测到的莫霍面与艾里重力均衡模型所预测的莫霍面基本吻合,但此观测本身并不能区别更符合哪一种端元模型.总之,大塔穆火山既有“地幔柱”的特征,又有“洋中脊”的特征,单靠一种端元模式无法解释所有的重要观测.因此,“地幔柱-洋中脊相互作用”可能是一种更合理的替代模型,但地幔柱与洋中脊相互作用的具体过程及机制等重要问题目前尚未解决,仍需进一步研究.获取高精度地磁异常等观测资料以及开展三维地球动力学模拟将实质性地推动对沙茨基海隆等洋底高原形成机制的研究.

Abstract:The Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific Ocean is the third largest oceanic plateau on Earth. It consists of three major edifices, among them the Tamu Massif is known as “the world’s largest single volcano”. In this review we compile the geology and geophysics advances of the Tamu Massif within the Shatsky Rise, investigated by international scientific teams recently, to elaborate the supporting evidences and debates for two end-member formation hypotheses of “mantle plume” and “mid-ocean ridge” models. The volcanic edifices of the Shatsky Rise get progressively younger and smaller northeastward, favoring the mantle plume hypothesis. The Tamu Massif includes massive sheet basalt flows and a single volcanic shield with low flank slopes, implying fast, voluminous eruption of mantle plume head, while the pillow basalts of the Ori and Shirshov Massif indicates waning volcanism in the transition from plume head to plume tail. On the other hand, other observations including submarine eruption, majority of lavas being similar to Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB), as well as the observed negative correlation between the average seismic velocity and the crustal thickness, are not consistent with the “mantle plume” predictions, and thus the “mid-ocean ridge” hypothesis is preferred herein. However, the “mid-ocean ridge” model fails to explain how such voluminous magma could be generated from single source. A long composite seismic profile reveals that the seismic Moho geometry is consistent with the Airy isostatic compensation, but this observation alone is not diagnostic of either end-member hypothesis. These observations provide partial supports for the “mantle plume” or “mid-ocean ridge model” hypotheses, but neither can fully explain all observations. Therefore, “plume-ridge interaction” could be an alternative model, while the detailed processes and the controlling mechanisms of the interaction await investigations. Further studies are required including high-resolution seafloor magnetic mapping and three-dimensional geodynamic modeling.

HTML全文

施引文献

期刊类型引用(6)

1. 张锦昌，罗怡鸣，李海勇，杨博，黄彦铭. 西太平洋洋底高原内部结构与形成演化. 科技导报. 2023(02): 65-79 . 百度学术2. 陈文文，胡敏章，张锦昌，林婧雪，张旭博. 西太平洋大塔穆火山的重力导纳分析以及对其形成机制的启示. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版). 2023(07): 94-103 . 百度学术3. 陈静，陈双双，高锐，刘嘉麒. 沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)白垩纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及其地幔柱-洋中脊相互作用过程. 岩石学报. 2023(08): 2379-2401 . 百度学术4. YANG Xiaodong，LIN Jingxue，ZHANG Jinchang，LUO Yiming，ZHANG Xubo，QIN Zhen，HUANG Yanming. Crustal Structure of the Jurassic Quiet Zone in the West Pacific Ocean: Insights from 2D Multichannel Seismic Reflection Profiles. Journal of Ocean University of China. 2023(05): 1289-1299 . 必应学术5. 张锦昌，杨晓东，林婧雪，曲梦，罗怡鸣. 西太平洋侏罗纪海洋地壳断裂特征及其成因机制. 热带海洋学报. 2022(03): 1-15 . 百度学术6. 罗怡鸣，张锦昌，林间. 全球三大洋底高原重力异常与地壳厚度特征及对比研究. 热带海洋学报. 2020(04): 100-115 . 百度学术

其他类型引用(0)

资源附件(0)

Created with Highcharts 5.0.7

访问量

Chart context menu

近一年内文章摘要浏览量、PDF下载量统计信息摘要浏览量PDF下载量2024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-032025-042025-052025-062025-072025-080100200300400Highcharts.com

Created with Highcharts 5.0.7

Chart context menu

访问类别分布

HTML全文: 97.5 %HTML全文: 97.5 %PDF: 2.5 %PDF: 2.5 %HTML全文PDFHighcharts.com

Created with Highcharts 5.0.7

Chart context menu

访问地区分布

中国: 74.1 %中国: 74.1 %美国: 21.6 %美国: 21.6 %俄罗斯: 1.5 %俄罗斯: 1.5 %法国: 0.6 %法国: 0.6 %比利时: 0.5 %比利时: 0.5 %德国: 0.4 %德国: 0.4 %日本: 0.3 %日本: 0.3 %意大利: 0.2 %意大利: 0.2 %瑞士: 0.2 %瑞士: 0.2 %英国: 0.2 %英国: 0.2 %澳大利亚: 0.2 %澳大利亚: 0.2 %叙利亚: 0.2 %叙利亚: 0.2 %中国美国俄罗斯法国比利时德国日本意大利瑞士英国澳大利亚叙利亚Highcharts.com

网址：太平洋大塔穆火山研究进展及对巨型洋底火山成因的启示 https://www.yuejiaxmz.com/news/view/1276450

⬅️上一篇：太平洋底发现太阳系最大火山：31

➡️下一篇：世界最大火山——西北太平洋的大塔

太平洋大塔穆火山研究进展及对巨型洋底火山成因的启示