鹳草甸自然公园 ——丹麦多功能气候适应项目

发布时间：2025-12-17 23:39

户外园艺项目选择应考虑当地气候和土壤条件 #生活技巧# #园艺种植技巧# #户外园艺项目#

丹麦兰德斯市（Randers）气候适应项目通过将沃鲁普（Vorup）毗邻的自然区域斯特罗肯根（Storkeengen，译为鹳草甸）改造为公共自然公园，有效应对了兰德斯市当前和未来的气候挑战。项目通过整合气候韧性策略，将丹麦最长的河流古德纳河（Gudenå）沿线独特的自然三角洲生态系统引入兰德斯市中心，使居民得以亲近。

1 可视化技术性地表水解决方案

兰德斯市以古德纳河闻名，这里始终是人们散步和划独木舟的热门去处。然而，该地区地势较低，易受洪水侵袭，而气候变化进一步加剧了这一风险。为此，兰德斯市与当地水务公司兰德斯水环境（Vandmiljø Randers）联合C.F.莫勒建筑事务所（C.F. Møller Architects），共同启动了鹳草甸项目。这一雄心勃勃的规划倡议旨在保护兰德市免受洪水灾害，同时提升自然环境质量。

项目将兰德斯市屋顶、停车场和道路的雨水径流引入“暴雨排水渠”，经过作为净化池的湿地草甸过滤，保证雨水回归古德纳河完成净化。通过重构道路和排水系统，防止了不透水地表区域因阻碍自然排水而导致的积水问题。C.F.莫勒建筑事务所将受威胁的草地转变为湿地，旨在打造一个“建筑多功能工具”，既能提升自然环境，又能降低城镇的洪水风险，同时为居民和游客提供一个新的自然公园。

2 休闲活动和自然教育融合的全新体验

游客造访鹳草甸时，会经过放牧的牛群，再抵达位于湿地草甸中央的半月形观景平台。一条由表面带有凹槽的落叶松木板搭建的高架栈道，从堤坝蜿蜒，穿过湿地草甸，抵达古德纳河岸供划独木舟的人们登船的码头。这一设计既实现了防洪功能，又提供了休闲娱乐的机会，完美融合了城市与自然景观。

观景平台兼具向游客普及本地栖息地价值、雨水处理以及自然与城市环境融合的知识的功能。通过鹳草甸复合开发策略，项目将城市河流对岸的草地改造成湿地草甸。这一策略将气候保护与城市、自然协同发展相结合，体现了C.F. 莫勒建筑事务所的整体性设计理念。

鹳草甸项目由C.F.莫勒建筑事务所与丹麦技术顾问奥比肯（Orbicon）合作开展。该项目于2018年秋季启动，并于2024年完成。兰德斯市居民对该项目高度认可，如今这里已成为全民共享的自然休闲空间。

3 应对气候变化的全球领先案例

气候变化导致的水位上升成为全球城市规划者共同面对的挑战，鹳草甸项目则开创了洪水综合性管理的范例。在建筑师和设计师面临着开发此类系统的压力之际，兰德斯市通过提升城市和自然环境，构建了适应和缓解气候变化的示范模板。

（编辑/王一兰李禹潺）

项目类型：公共空间

项目地点：丹麦兰德斯市

项目面积：83 hm2

完成时间：2024年

客户：兰德斯市和兰德斯水环境水务公司

建筑师：C.F.莫勒建筑事务所

景观设计：C.F.莫勒建筑事务所

工程师：WSP丹麦

承包商：雅各布森与布林克尔德

合作者：乔

获奖：2017年建筑竞赛一等奖

图片来源：图1~8©C.F. Møller Architects；图9、12、14、16©Silas Andersen；图10~11、13、15©Peter Sikker Rasmussen

翻译：陈卓谧

图1 总平面图

Fig. 1 Master plan

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图2 排水系统

Fig. 2 Drainage System

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图3 区位图

Fig. 3 Location map

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图4 设计策略

Fig. 4 Site strategy

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图5 步道和观景台平面图

Fig. 5 Master plan of pathways and activity plateau

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图6 主要雨水下水道段剖面

Fig. 6 Section of main storm sewer

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图7 湿地草甸剖面

Fig. 7 Section of wet meadow areas

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图8 防洪系统

Fig. 8 Flood defence system

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图9 鹳草甸项目鸟瞰

Fig. 9 Aerial view of Stork Meadow

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图10 小栈桥

Fig. 10 Trail bridge

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图11 蓝色大桥

Fig. 11 The blue bridge

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图12 堤坝

Fig. 12 The dyke

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图13 观景台

Fig. 13 Activity plateau

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图14 步道旁休息区

Fig. 14 Rest area beside the trail

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图15 堤坝

Fig. 15 The dyke

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图16 冬季鹳草甸鸟瞰

Fig. 16 Aerial view of Stork Meadow in winter

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The climate adaption project in Vorup near Randers resolves the city’s current and future climate challenges by converting the adjacent nature area, Storkeengen (Stork Meadow), into a public nature park. With the integration of climate resilience strategies, the nature park also brings the unique natural delta along the Gudenå (the longest river in Denmark) closer to the centre of Randers, and to its residents.

1 Visible Technical Surface Water Solutions

Randers is known for its river Gudenåen, a favourite spot for walks and canoeing. However, its low-lying position made it vulnerable to flooding, a risk exacerbated by climate change. In response, the city of Randers and local utility service Vandmiljø Randers, in collaboration with C.F. Møller Architects, launched the Storkeengen (Stork Meadow) project. This ambitious initiative aimed to protect Randers from floods while enhancing the natural environment.

Rainwater run-off from roofs, car parks, and roads in Randers is channelled through “cloudburst routes” and filtered through the water meadows, which function as purification basins before flowing back into the Gudenå River. Redesigned roads and drains prevent water from building up in areas where non-porous surfaces impede natural drainage. By turning the threatened grasslands into wetlands, C.F. Møller aimed to create an “architectural multi-tool” which enhances the natural environment, reduces the flooding risk to the town, and provides a new nature park for residents and visitors to enjoy.

2 New Nature Experiences of Recreational and Nature Dissemination

Visitors to the Stork Meadow will pass grazing cattle and reach a crescent-shaped platform in the middle of the water meadows. A raised boardwalk made from larch planks with grooved surfaces curves from a dike across the new water meadows, with a jetty by the bank of the Gudenå River for canoers to embark from. This design provides flood defence and recreational opportunities, seamlessly blending urban and natural landscapes.

The platform is designed to educate visitors about local habitat values, stormwater handling, and the integration of nature into urban settings. The Stork Meadow’s hybrid approach has transformed the grasslands opposite the town and the river into water meadows. This method combined climate protection with urban and nature development, exemplifying C.F. Møller’s holistic approach.

The Stork Meadow project was undertaken in collaboration with Danish technical advisors Orbicon. Work began in the autumn of 2018 and was completed in 2024. The citizens of Randers well received the project, which is now enjoyed by people from all walks of life.

3 Pioneering Climate Adaptation Model

As rising water due to climate change becomes a pressing concern for urban planners globally, the Stork Meadow project is a pioneering example of integrated flood management. Architects and designers are increasingly under pressure to develop such systems, making Randers a leading example of how cities can adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change while enhancing urban and natural environments.

(Editor / WANG Yilan, LI Yuchan)

Project Type: Public space

Project Location: Randers, Denmark

Project Area: 83 hm2

Completion Time: 2024

Client: Randers Municipality and Vandmiljø Randers

Architect: C.F. Møller Architects

Landscape: C.F. Møller Architects

Engineer: WSP Denmark

Contractor: Jakobsen & Blindkilde

Collaborators: Geo

Prizes: 1st prize in architectural competition, 2017

Image Source: Fig. 1-8 © C.F. Møller Architects; Fig. 9, 12, 14, 16 © Silas Andersen; Fig. 10-11, 13, 15 © Peter Sikker Rasmussen

Translator: CHEN Zhuomi

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