利用植物性食物有效预防慢性病：一项纵向队列研究

发布时间：2025-05-10 02:18

AbstractThe present study examined optimal dietary patterns of eight plant-based foods for preventing chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We applied generalized estimating equations to assess time-based changes and gender differences, using residual balancing weights to control time-varying confounders, and employed a restricted cubic spline model to explore dose-response relationships by gender.

摘要本研究使用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）的数据，研究了八种植物性食物预防慢性疾病（包括高血压，中风，心肌梗塞和糖尿病）的最佳饮食模式。我们应用广义估计方程来评估基于时间的变化和性别差异，使用残差平衡权重来控制时变混杂因素，并采用受限三次样条模型来探索性别的剂量反应关系。

The findings suggested that a high intake of vegetables and whole grains, along with moderate amounts of fruits, fungi and algae, could help reduce the risk of developing these four chronic diseases simultaneously. Additionally, men could benefit from moderate refined grain consumption, while women should consider increasing their intake of nuts and seeds.

研究结果表明，大量摄入蔬菜和全谷物，以及适量的水果、真菌和藻类，可以帮助降低同时患上这四种慢性病的风险。此外，男性可以从适度的精制谷物消费中受益，而女性应考虑增加坚果和种子的摄入量。

Our results indicated that adopting a plant-based diet could provide non-linear protective effects against chronic diseases, with the magnitude of this protection varying by gender..

我们的研究结果表明，采用植物性饮食可以对慢性疾病提供非线性保护作用，这种保护的程度因性别而异。。

IntroductionChronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes, pose a significant global health burden1,2. CVDs remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, while diabetes contributes substantially to premature deaths3,4. The high prevalence and impact of these conditions highlight the urgent need for effective prevention and management strategies.Improving cardiovascular and metabolic health worldwide requires tailored strategies, as different populations have varying susceptibilities to risk factors influenced by their lifestyle choices, particularly diet.

引言慢性疾病，特别是心血管疾病（CVD）和糖尿病，构成了巨大的全球健康负担1,2。。这些疾病的高发病率和影响突出表明迫切需要有效的预防和管理战略。改善全球心血管和代谢健康需要量身定制的策略，因为不同人群对受其生活方式选择（特别是饮食）影响的风险因素的敏感性不同。

A multicenter trial in Spain with 7447 high-risk CVDs participants found that those on a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts had fewer cardiovascular events than those on a low-fat diet5. A systematic review of 28 meta-analyses confirmed that a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains reduces CVDs risk, while processed meats and sugary drinks increase it6,7.

在西班牙进行的一项多中心试验共有7447名高危心血管疾病参与者，结果发现，地中海饮食中添加橄榄油或坚果的人比低脂饮食的人心血管事件少5。对28项荟萃分析的系统评价证实，摄入更多的水果，蔬菜，坚果，种子和全谷物可以降低心血管疾病的风险，而加工肉类和含糖饮料会增加心血管疾病的风险6,7。

Furthermore, several meta-analyses have shown that a healthy plant-based diet, which is characterized by a high intake of nutrient-rich plant-based foods and a low intake of refined carbohydrates and animal products, is linked to a decreased risk of CVDs mortality and all-cause mortality8,9,10. A cohort study from the UK Biobank involving 126,394 participants found that such diets are associated with reduced mortality and chronic disease risk11.

此外，一些荟萃分析表明，健康的植物性饮食，其特征是高营养丰富的植物性食物摄入量和低精制碳水化合物和动物产品摄入量，与降低心血管疾病死亡率和全因死亡率的风险有关8,9,10。来自英国生物库的一项涉及126394名参与者的队列研究发现，这种饮食与降低死亡率和慢性病风险有关11。

As plant-based diets gain popularity globally12,13, their health benefits become increasingly significant, especially for chronic diseases.However, current research based on longitudinal cohort studies examining the relationship between plant-based foods and chronic disease risk often relies on two implied assumptions.

随着植物性饮食在全球范围内的普及12,13，它们的健康益处变得越来越重要，特别是对于慢性疾病。然而，目前基于纵向队列研究的研究检查了植物性食物与慢性病风险之间的关系，通常依赖于两个隐含的假设。

The first assumption posits t.

第一个假设假设t。

Data availability

数据可用性

The China Health and Nutrition Survey: https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china.

中国健康与营养调查：https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china.

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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe authors sincerely thank the China Health and Nutrition Survey data management teams for data collection and management. Thanks to the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 82304254 and 82373692), the Youth Project of Shanxi Basic Research (Grant number: 202303021212145), and the Shanxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Prevention and Treatment (Grant number: TMSYSKF2023005).

下载参考文献致谢作者衷心感谢中国健康与营养调查数据管理团队的数据收集和管理。感谢国家自然科学基金（资助号：82304254和82373692），山西省基础研究青年项目（资助号：202303021212145）和山西省卫生委员会神经系统疾病预防与治疗重点实验室（资助号：TMSYSKF2023005）提供的财政支持。

We appreciated the anonymous reviewers very much, whose comments and suggestions contributed a lot to improving the quality of the manuscript. We extend our gratitude to photographer Dou Wei for providing the images of the plant-based foods that were utilized in Fig. 5.Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Jie Liang, Yanchao Wen.Authors and AffiliationsDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaJie Liang, Yanchao Wen, Guiming Zhu & Tong WangKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaJie Liang, Yanchao Wen, Guiming Zhu & Tong WangDepartment of Neurosurgery/Shanxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Prevention and Treatment, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, Shanxi, ChinaJinzhu YinDatong Key Laboratory of Nervous Systems Disease Prevention and Treatment for Coal Mine workers, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, Shanxi, ChinaJinzhu YinAuthorsJie LiangView author publicationsYou can also search for this author in.

我们非常感谢匿名审稿人，他们的评论和建议为提高稿件质量做出了很大贡献。我们感谢摄影师窦伟提供了图5中使用的植物性食物的图像。作者信息作者注意到这些作者做出了同样的贡献：Jie Liang，Yanchao Wen。作者及所属单位山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计系，山西太原，中国梁杰杰，温燕超，朱桂明，王彤山西医科大学教育部煤炭环境致病性与预防重点实验室，山西太原，梁杰杰，温燕超，朱桂明，王彤山西省大同市国药通美总医院神经外科/山西省卫生委员会神经系统疾病防治重点实验室，山西大同市大同市大同市大同市煤矿工人神经系统疾病防治重点实验室，国药通美总医院，山西大同市大同市ations您也可以在中搜索此作者。

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PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJie Liang: Data Curation, Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing, Visualization.Yanchao Wen: Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing, Visualization.Jinzhu Yin: Supervision & Funding acquisition.Guiming Zhu: Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Review & Editing, Visualization.Tong Wang: Writing-Review & Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to.

PubMed谷歌学术贡献Jie Liang：数据管理，撰写原稿，撰写评论和编辑，可视化。文彦超：撰写原稿，撰写评论和编辑，可视化。尹金珠：监管和资金收购。朱桂明：撰写原稿，撰写评论和编辑，可视化。王彤：写作评论与编辑，监督，资金获取。对应作者对应。

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