利用网络泛地图资源评价15 min生活圈医疗服务可达性: 以上海市为例

发布时间：2025-05-16 10:29

网络健康咨询让医疗资源得以更广泛利用 #生活知识# #生活感悟# #科技生活变迁# #网络生活#

摘要: 现阶段中国投入大量资源用于基层医疗卫生服务能力建设，以15 min医疗圈为目标建设了卫生室、医保点等多种基层医疗保障设施，评价其可达性有助于设施的合理规划和优化调整。充分利用在线地图、人口热力图、路径规划服务、等时圈范围服务等泛地图资源，在基于胡弗模型的两步移动搜索法(Huff-based two-step floating catchment area method, Huff 2SFCA)的基础上，从出行能力差异、人口昼夜分布的角度进行改进，形成15 min核酸采样圈评价框架。以中国上海市为例分析15 min生活圈医疗设施可达性，结果显示: (1)研究区域内除宝山和浦东外的各行政区，15 min核酸采样圈的面积覆盖率和人口覆盖率均在90%以上，其中虹口、静安的可达性最高。(2)受通勤人群职住分离的影响，常住人口较多的地区在白天容易出现可达性过高的情况，且可达性在夜间降低，相反，产业聚集的地区夜间可达性明显升高。(3)外围的浦东、宝山等开发区呈现出可达性两极分化的特点，发展完善的居住板块可达性偏高，发展中的新产业园区可达性偏低；老城区的可达性分布相对更加均衡，且更能满足老年人群和职场人群的采样需求。分析结果反映出目前的采样点空间布局考虑了人群的出行行为，能满足大部分居民在居住地和工作地就近采样的需求。对于可达性过高和过低的区域，可根据人口分布的昼夜变化优化采样点资源配置。

Abstract:

Objectives At present, China has invested a large amount of resources in improving primary medical and health services. Aiming at 15 min medical circle, a variety of primary medical security facilities such as clinics and medical insurance stations have been built. Evaluation of their accessibility is of great significance for rational planning and optimization of facilities.

Methods We made full use of pan-map resources such as online map, population thermal map, path planning service and isochronous circle range service, and improved the Huff-based two-step floating catchment area method (Huff 2SFCA) from the perspective of travel capacity difference and day and night population distribution difference, and formed a 15 min nucleic acid sampling circle evaluation framework.

Results Taking Shanghai as an example to analyze the accessibility of medical facilities in 15 min living circle, the results show that: (1) In all administrative districts except Baoshan and Pudong in the study area, the area coverage and population coverage of the 15 min sampling circle are above 90%, among which Hongkou and Jing?an have the highest accessibility. (2) Affected by the separation between work and housing of commuters, the areas with large permanent residents tend to have high accessibility during the day, and the accessibility decreases at night. On the contrary, the areas with industrial clusters have significantly higher accessibility at night. (3) The surrounding development zones such as Pudong and Baoshan show the characteristics of polarization of accessibility. The accessibility of well-developed residential areas is high, while the accessibility of developing new industrial parks is low.The accessibility distribution of the old city is relatively more balanced, and can better meet the needs of the elderly and the working population.

Conclusions The results show that the current spatial layout of sampling stations considers the travel behavior of residents, and can meet the needs of most residents for testing near their residence and work place. For areas with high or low accessibility, the resource allocation of sampling points can be optimized according to the diurnal variation of population distribution.

图 1 可达性评价框架

Figure 1. Accessibility Evaluation Framework

图 2 位于同一街区的A、B两点的等时圈范围

Figure 2. The Range of Isochronous Circle of Points A and B in the Same Block

图 3 研究区域

Figure 3. Study Area

图 4 上海市中心城区15 min生活圈采样点可达性评价结果

Figure 4. Accessibility Evaluation Results of Sampling Points in the 15 min Living Circle in Downtown Shanghai

图 5 研究区域内日间至夜间可达性与人口数变化

Figure 5. Day-to-Night Accessibility and Population Changes in the Study Area

图 6 研究区域内日间与夜间采样点分布

Figure 6. Distribution of Sampling Points in Day and Night in the Study Area

图 7 针对职场人群的可达性评价结果

Figure 7. Accessibility Evaluation Results for Workplace Groups

图 8 针对老年人群的可达性评价结果

Figure 8. Accessibility Evaluation Results for the Elderly Groups

图 9 按区统计不同可达性等级的街道数量占比

Figure 9. Percentage of Streets with Different Accessibility Levels by District

表 1 按区统计可达区域的面积覆盖率和人口覆盖率/%

Table 1 Area Coverage and Population Coverage of Accessible Areas by District/%

区名 AAI > 0区域
面积覆盖率 AAI > 0区域
人口覆盖率 AAI > 1区域
面积覆盖率 AAI > 1区域
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利用网络泛地图资源评价15 min生活圈医疗服务可达性: 以上海市为例

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