孤独个体的共同生活:自然社会的“自然”与“社会”

生活哲学教育强调个体与社会、自然的和谐共生 #生活知识# #生活哲学# #生活哲学教育#

摘要：

李猛的《自然社会》是近年来汉语学界研究现代“政治”秩序的一部界碑式著作。此处所谓“政治”，既指向一般意义上的政治，更包括人性、道德、社会和法权等多种秩序。本文认为，《自然社会》的核心是对“个体”与“社会”之关系这一经典命题的深化，亦即孤独的现代个体所构成的共同生活究竟是怎样的，如何理解包括家庭、社会、道德和国家在内的多种共同生活形态的实质及其内在张力。在此基础上，本文试图讨论以下几点：一是鲁滨逊式的孤独包含着一种新的社会生活形态的可能；二是格劳秀斯、普芬道夫和霍布斯那里孤独个体的微妙差别对于理解现代人的心灵秩序不可或缺；三是霍布斯式的个体形象指向一种新的现代人拓展自身人性的可能；四是自然法秩序所塑造的人性为现代国家的确立提供了道德动力。因而，本文认为，现代精神的发展尚未穷尽自身，只有更充分地理解其内在的丰富性和开放性，我们才能更有信心地把握自身的处境和命运。

关键词: 孤独个体, 霍布斯, 信约, 鲁滨逊, 自然状态

Abstract:

LI Meng's Natural Society is a landmark work on the modern political order of the Chinese academia in recent years. Here the so-called "political" includes not only the general political sense, but also the orders of human nature, morals, society and laws. This paper argues that the core of the Natural Society is to explore the relationship between "individual" and "society" which is a classic theme in the modern thoughts, that is to explore how is the common life constituted by modern solitary individuals, how to understand the reality and the tensions of common life forms including modern family, society, morality and state. On this basis, the paper attempts to discuss the following four subjects: first, Robinson solitary is not equivalent to "lonely", but also involves a new possibility of social life; and second, regarding the doctrine of modern natural law, it contains a variety of solitary individuals described by Grotius, Pufendorf and Hobbes, whose subtle differences is indispensable for understanding the order of modern minds; third, regarding the individual image described by Hobbes, its modern temperament not only contain its breaking with the traditional world, but also point to a new kind of expanding the modern human nature; fourth, regarding Hobbes' theory on the state, the laws of nature itself is not the moral foundation of modern states, but the human nature shaped by the laws of nature indeed provide a kind of moral cause. Thus, the paper argues that the development of modern spirit has not yet exhausted itself, and we can more confidently grasp our own situation and fate only if more fully understand its inherent richness and openness.

Key words: Robinson, solitary individual, Hobbes, covenant, state of nature

网址：孤独个体的共同生活:自然社会的“自然”与“社会” https://www.yuejiaxmz.com/news/view/1313657

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