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中文摘要：

孤独症谱系障碍是一种病因未明且难以治愈的神经发育障碍。在我国，大多数的孤独症儿童是生活在家庭中，父母承担着养育和干预孤独症儿童的重任。与养育一名神经发育正常儿童的父母相比，孤独症儿童父母承受了更大的养育压力，存在着更多的心理健康问题。家庭生活质量通常作为孤独症儿童及家人家庭生活整体满意度的衡量指标。孤独症儿童父母的养育压力和家庭生活质量一直是研究热点。根据家庭动态系统理论，父母的情绪活动是具有相互作用的。父母各自稳定或不稳定的行为模式亦会影响家庭关系和家庭互动。夫妻冲突解决风格与养育压力以及家庭生活质量存在相关。然而，尚未有研究对三者的关系及其相互影响的内部作用机制进行分析。

本研究采用问卷法。研究工具为信效度良好的《简版父母养育压力量表》、《夫妻冲突解决风格量表》和《比里奇中心家庭生活质量量表》。研究对象为线上招募的58对孤独症儿童父母，包括58名孤独症儿童母亲和55名孤独症儿童父亲。本研究采用主客体互倚中介模型分析孤独症儿童父母的成对数据。本研究得到如下结论：

首先，孤独症儿童母亲和父亲的养育压力、家庭生活质量不存在显著差异。孤独症儿童母亲和父亲的夫妻冲突解决风格存在显著差异。孤独症儿童母亲在夫妻冲突解决风格上的倾向次序是：积极问题解决 > 回避 > 冲突参与 > 顺从；孤独症儿童父亲在夫妻冲突解决风格上的倾向次序是：积极问题解决 > 顺从 > 回避 > 冲突参与。

其次，孤独症儿童母亲的养育压力可以正向预测其夫妻冲突解决风格中的顺从维度；孤独症儿童父亲的养育压力可以正向预测其夫妻冲突解决风格中的冲突参与维度和回避维度，可以负向预测其夫妻冲突解决风格中的积极问题解决维度。孤独症儿童父母的养育压力可以正向预测各自的家庭生活质量。孤独症儿童母亲的夫妻冲突解决风格中的冲突参与维度可以负向预测其家庭生活质量；孤独症儿童父亲的夫妻冲突解决风格中的积极问题解决维度可以正向预测其家庭生活质量。

最后，孤独症儿童母亲的养育压力可以通过自己和配偶的夫妻冲突解决风格对父亲的家庭生活质量产生影响，为部分中介。

针对上述发现，本研究进而提出针对孤独症儿童父母的心理咨询建议。

﹀外文摘要：

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD） is an incurable neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. In our country, most children with autism live in families where parents bear the burden of raising and intervening their autistic child. Parents of children with autism experience greater parenting stress and have more mental health problems than parents raising a neurodevelopmentally normal child. Family quality of life（FQOL） is often used as a measure of overall satisfaction with the family life of a child with autism and his or her family. Parenting stress and family quality of life of parents of children with autism have been hot research topics. According to family dynamic systems theory, parents’ emotional activity interacts with each other. The stable or unstable behavioural patterns of each parent can also affect family relationships and family interactions. Couples’ conflict resolution styles are associated with parenting stress and family quality of life. However, there haven’t been any studies on the relationship and the internal mechanisms among them.

The questionnaire method was used in the study. The instruments used in the study were Parenting Stress Index-Short Form-15（PSI-SF-15）, Conflict Resolution Style Inventory（CRSI-self） and the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale（FQOL） with good reliability and validity. The study participants were 58 pairs of parents of children with autism recruited online which included 58 mothers and 55 fathers of children with autism . By analysing the paired data of parents of children with autism, the following conclusions were drawn from this study. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model（APIMeM） was employed to examine the dyadic data of parents of children with autism.The following conclusions were drawn from the study:

First, there is no significant difference in parenting stress and family quality of life between mothers and fathers of children with autism. There are significant differences in the couple conflict resolution styles of mothers and fathers of children with autism. Mothers of children with autism showed a tendency to have a couple conflict resolution style in the following order: Positive Problem Solving > Withdrawal > Conflict Engagement > Compliance; fathers of children with autism showed a tendency to have a couple conflict resolution style in the following order: Positive Problem Solving > Compliance > Withdrawal > Conflict Engagement.

Second, parenting stress of mothers of children with autism can positively predict their compliance style; parenting stress of fathers of children with autism can positively predicted their conflict engagement style and withdrawal style, and negatively predict their positive problem solving style. Parenting stress of parents of children with autism can positively and respectively predict their family quality of life. The conflict engagement style of mothers of children with autism can negatively predict their family quality of life; the positive problem solving style of fathers of children with autism can positively predict their family quality of life.

Last, parenting stress of mothers of children with autism has an impact on fathers’ family quality of life through their own and their spouses’ couple conflict resolution styles.

In response to these findings, the study put forward some suggestions on psychological counselling for parents of children with autism.

﹀

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