日常生活的自然意涵：休谟精神哲学的方法论意义

生活美学与哲学：深度理解生活的意义，提升精神境界 #生活乐趣# #生活分享# #生活美学心得# #生活方式搭配#

摘要： 本文从笛卡尔以降现代人的怀疑论处境出发，围绕日常生活的自然意涵来探讨休谟精神哲学1的方法论意义。现代人通过纯粹理性找寻生活的确定性，却使日常生活变得可疑而不可理解。休谟抛弃自笛卡尔以来以数学为模型认识世界的方式，转而选取日常的视角，关注日常语言和观察标示的精神现象。俗人的思维是习惯性和情感性而非高度理性化的，这使其彼此连带性地生活在由先例习俗历史性构成的整体意义秩序里。当人们从各自理想的精确标准出发，轻视这种连带性的整体经验传统，同情与协商的基础就可能被损耗。休谟认为，俗人日常生活中数量占多的精神现象具有合理性。这种规则性包含常识和情理，可以取代自然法的单一理性，成为社会规范的基础。休谟最终揭示，精神哲学是一种与自然哲学借助数学模型寻求普遍法则极为不同的，有其自身对象与方法的科学。本文重返休谟的日常生活的精神哲学，是为了探讨如何超越自然科学对社会的“有限理解”，真正深入人的精神世界本身，挖掘并呈现其背后观念、情感、信念、习惯等社会连带性的精神因素，为超越对立、趋近宽和提供思想资源。

关键词: 日常生活, 自然, 观念联想律, 精神哲学

Abstract: This paper starts from the skepticism of modern people since Descartes, and discusses the methodological significance of Hume's moral philosophy around the natural meaning of common life. Modern individuals seem to rely on pure reason to understand the world and search for absolute certainty, only to find things in common life suspicious and incomprehensible. Hume abandoned the mathematical model used by Descartes and his successors, and instead chose a daily life perspective to conduct experiments. He found that men were mightily governed by imagination and passion rather than their cogitative rationality. This allows them to live in an environment of precedents and customs in an interconnected manner. If modern men each adhered to their own ideal standards set by false reason, consensus and compromise could hardly be achieved. Hume believed that moral philosophy had its own objectives and methods that were very different from natural philosophy's search for universal laws through mathematical models. It shouldn't try to attain perfect precision and exactness that human nature could never attain. Its goal was to promote moderation rather than produce extreme. By revisiting Hume's moral science, this paper attempts to reflect on sociology's pursuit of quantitative scientific models, and explore how to go beyond the "limited understanding" of the society offered by natural science and truly penetrate into the operation of moral factors such as ideas, customs and common beliefs in people's daily life, which are often the real basis for social interactions and dealings.

Key words: common life, Nature, law of association of ideas, moral philosophy

网址：日常生活的自然意涵：休谟精神哲学的方法论意义 https://www.yuejiaxmz.com/news/view/379798

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